To check the solenoid .....take a scewdriver and make it touch the terminal where the each of the "big" wires connect to it. The solenoid is just a magnitic switch. If the part inside is not moving or there is corroded contacts, it needs replacing. If this makes the starting motor work.....change the solenoid.
It may spark and shake when you do this.....so be ready and don't jump when this happens.
Also check the condition of all wires and connections. A bad [and you may not think it is bad] connection could cause very low voltage and the starter would not work.
Sometimes the starter motor gear may not engage with the flywheel. It might just spin.....and that is what you are hearing. If this is the problem...try putting a little oil on it and work the gear by hand a few times.
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