The life cycle of Sarcocystis requires two hosts: an intermediate host (waterfowl) for the asexual component and a definitive host (mammalian carnivore) for the sexual stage.
Birds ingest water contaminated with the feces of carnivores that contain the eggs of Sarcocystis. Eggs may persist in the environment for extended periods of time.
The parasite develops in the intestines of the bird, and then enter the bloodstream and further infect cells of blood vessels.
The parasite is then carried by the blood to voluntary muscles where the characteristic, elongated cysts are produced. From ingestion of eggs to the formation of cysts takes several months.
When a carnivore ingests infected muscle tissue from a bird, the life-cycle is completed. The parasite reaches maturity in the intestines of the carnivore and repeats the cycle by producing eggs.